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The Martian (film)
''The Martian'' is a 2015 American science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott and starring Matt Damon. The film is based on Andy Weir's 2011 novel of the same name, which was adapted into a screenplay by Drew Goddard. Damon stars as an astronaut who is mistakenly presumed dead and left behind on Mars, depicting his struggles to survive and others' efforts to rescue him. The film also features Jessica Chastain, Kristen Wiig, Jeff Daniels, Michael Peña, Kate Mara, Sean Bean, Sebastian Stan, Aksel Hennie, Donald Glover, Mackenzie Davis, and Chiwetel Ejiofor in supporting roles.
Producer Simon Kinberg began developing the film after 20th Century Fox optioned the novel in March 2013. Drew Goddard adapted the novel into a screenplay and was initially attached to direct, but the film did not move forward. Scott replaced Goddard, and with Damon in place as the main character, production was green-lit. Filming began in November 2014 and lasted approximately 70 days. Around 20 sets were built on a sound stage in Budapest, Hungary, one of the largest in the world. Wadi Rum in Jordan was also used as a practical backdrop for filming.
The film premiered at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2015. 20th Century Fox released the film in theaters in the United States on October 2, 2015. The film was released in 2D, 3D, IMAX 3D and 4DX. The film has grossed over $545 million worldwide, becoming Scott's highest-grossing film to date, as well as the ninth-highest grossing film of 2015, and has received critical acclaim.
== Plot ==
In the year 2035,[ "Ares 3 launched on July 7, 2035. They landed on Mars (Sol 1) on November 7, 2035. The story begins on Sol 6, which is November 12, 2035." - Andy Weir〕 the crew of the Ares III manned mission to Mars is on Sol 18 of their 31-sol expedition on the surface, when a severe dust storm forces them to abort the mission and return to their orbiting vessel ''Hermes''. During the evacuation, astronaut Mark Watney is struck off by flying debris and is lost in the storm; the last telemetry from his suit indicates that it has lost pressure, with no life signs. With their launch vehicle on the verge of tipping over in the wind, and the remaining crew's lives in peril, mission commander Melissa Lewis gives the order to launch without retrieving him; they subsequently leave Mars aboard the "Hermes".]
As the storm dissipates, Watney later awakes to the sound of a low-oxygen warning. He is injured, but makes his way to the "Hab" which serves as the crew's living quarters and base of operations on the Mars. He removes a piece of antenna which had impaled his stomach, damaging his biomonitor; the antenna and his coagulated blood provided a temporary seal, saving his life. He quickly concludes that his only chance of rescue will be the arrival of the Ares IV crew in four years. Calculating that he has enough food to last only 300 sols (Martian solar days), he improvises a farm in the Hab using whole potatoes sent along for a Thanksgiving meal, Martian soil fertilized with bacteria from his and his crewmates' waste, and water produced by extracting hydrogen from leftover rocket fuel then oxidized by burning. He keeps a series of video logs to maintain morale and begins to modify the one functional rover to make it capable of long journeys across Mars's vast terrains.
While reviewing satellite photos of Mars, Mars mission director Vincent Kapoor and satellite planner Mindy Park realize that Watney has survived, and immediately start planning to establish contact. Over the objections of ''Hermes'' flight director Mitch Henderson, NASA director Teddy Sanders decides not to inform the remaining crew of Ares III of Watney's survival, believing it would distract them from their remaining mission and endanger them. To restore communication with Earth, Watney takes the rover on a medium-range mission to retrieve the ''Pathfinder'' probe, which went silent in 1997. Using the lander's rotating still camera, Watney and the JPL team establish rudimentary communication, which they use to help them upgrade to typed text messaging.
As Watney continues to grow his crop, Henderson and JPL director Bruce Ng formulate a plan to send a space probe to Mars and resupply Watney with enough food to allow him to survive until Ares IV's scheduled arrival. As the probe's launch date approaches, an increasingly optimistic Sanders authorizes them to tell the crew of Watney's status, and they are informed in a video message from Henderson. With no other way to launch the supply probe on time, Sanders decides to skip safety inspections, which backfires when the probe explodes shortly after liftoff. Watney suffers his own disaster when the airlock on the habitat explosively decompresses, killing his potatoes and reducing his projected supply of food.
The China National Space Administration (CNSA) offers NASA a lifeline: a classified booster that can carry a payload to Mars; NASA begins preparing an even more hasty supply mission using it. Meanwhile, JPL astrodynamicist Rich Purnell figures out a trajectory which could send ''Hermes'' back to Mars much more quickly, using the Chinese booster to instead resupply it for the necessary additional year and a half in space. Because both plans require the same booster, only one can be used; Sanders chooses the first plan, refusing to risk the lives of the ''Hermes'' crew. Henderson objects, and surreptitiously sends the details of Purnell's plan to ''Hermes''. Lewis and her crew vote unanimously to execute the plan, and NASA – powerless to stop them – proceeds with the resupply as ''Hermes'' flies by Earth, using its gravity to slingshot them back to Mars.
After 459 sols, Watney leaves the Hab, beginning a 3200km, 90-sol journey to Schiaparelli Crater, where the Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) for the Ares IV mission was previously landed. In order to rendezvous with ''Hermes''' fly-by, Watney must make drastic modifications to reduce its mass, removing non-essential equipment and even the vessel's windows and exterior panels. With Watney on board the gutted MAV, the ''Hermes'' crew launches it remotely; it escapes Mars successfully, but not at the planned speed and distance. To intercept, ''Hermes'' must use its maneuvering thrusters to change course, and explosive decompression of its own internal atmosphere to adjust its speed. Lewis uses a MMU to approach Watney's vessel as close as her tether will allow, but is unable to reach him. Watney pierces the glove of his pressure suit and leaves the capsule, using the escaping air as a miniature thruster to reach Lewis. The crew is emotionally re-united, as crowds around the world cheer the news.
After returning to Earth, Watney begins "day 1" of his new life, serving as a survival instructor for new candidates in the astronaut training program, emphasizing his own experiences in problem-solving and creative engineering. Years later on the occasion of the Ares V mission launch, those involved in Watney's rescue have returned to their lives or begun new lives.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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